Evidence-based personalised medicine in critical care: a framework for quantifying and applying individualised treatment effects in patients who are critically ill.

Munroe ES, Spicer A, Castellvi-Font A, Zalucky A, Dianti J, Graham Linck E, Talisa V, Urner M, Angus DC, Baedorf-Kassis E, Blette B, Bos LD, Buell KG, Casey JD, Calfee CS, Del Sorbo L, Estenssoro E, Ferguson ND, Giblon R, Granholm A, Harhay MO, Heath A, Hodgson C, Houle T, Jiang C, Kramer L, Lawler PR, Leligdowicz A, Li F, Liu K, Maiga A, Maslove D, McArthur C, McAuley DF, Serpa Neto A, Oosthuysen C, Perner A, Prescott HC, Rochwerg B, Sahetya S, Samoilenko M, Schnitzer ME, Seitz KP, Shah F, Shankar-Hari M, Sinha P, Slutsky AS, Qian ET, Webb SA, Young PJ, Zampieri FG, Zarychanski R, Fan E, Semler MW, Churpek M, Goligher EC, Platform of Randomized Adaptive Clinical Trials in Critical Illness (PRACTICAL) investigators, Evidence-based Individualized Treatment Effects (EvITE) Group